forked from cory/tildefriends
Add prebuild OpenSSL, and remove SCHANNEL code and whatever it was on MacOS. Build mingw for 64-bit.
git-svn-id: https://www.unprompted.com/svn/projects/tildefriends/trunk@4088 ed5197a5-7fde-0310-b194-c3ffbd925b24
This commit is contained in:
434
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.\" ========================================================================
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.\"
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.IX Title "PKCS8 1"
|
||||
.TH PKCS8 1 "2020-04-21" "1.1.1g" "OpenSSL"
|
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.\" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes
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.\" way too many mistakes in technical documents.
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.if n .ad l
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.nh
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.SH "NAME"
|
||||
openssl\-pkcs8, pkcs8 \- PKCS#8 format private key conversion tool
|
||||
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
|
||||
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
|
||||
\&\fBopenssl\fR \fBpkcs8\fR
|
||||
[\fB\-help\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-topk8\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-inform PEM|DER\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-outform PEM|DER\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-in filename\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-passin arg\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-out filename\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-passout arg\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-iter count\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-noiter\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-rand file...\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-writerand file\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-nocrypt\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-traditional\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-v2 alg\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-v2prf alg\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-v1 alg\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-engine id\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-scrypt\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-scrypt_N N\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-scrypt_r r\fR]
|
||||
[\fB\-scrypt_p p\fR]
|
||||
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
|
||||
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
|
||||
The \fBpkcs8\fR command processes private keys in PKCS#8 format. It can handle
|
||||
both unencrypted PKCS#8 PrivateKeyInfo format and EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo
|
||||
format with a variety of PKCS#5 (v1.5 and v2.0) and PKCS#12 algorithms.
|
||||
.SH "OPTIONS"
|
||||
.IX Header "OPTIONS"
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-help\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-help"
|
||||
Print out a usage message.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-topk8\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-topk8"
|
||||
Normally a PKCS#8 private key is expected on input and a private key will be
|
||||
written to the output file. With the \fB\-topk8\fR option the situation is
|
||||
reversed: it reads a private key and writes a PKCS#8 format key.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-inform DER|PEM\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-inform DER|PEM"
|
||||
This specifies the input format: see \*(L"\s-1KEY FORMATS\*(R"\s0 for more details. The default
|
||||
format is \s-1PEM.\s0
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-outform DER|PEM\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-outform DER|PEM"
|
||||
This specifies the output format: see \*(L"\s-1KEY FORMATS\*(R"\s0 for more details. The default
|
||||
format is \s-1PEM.\s0
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-traditional\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-traditional"
|
||||
When this option is present and \fB\-topk8\fR is not a traditional format private
|
||||
key is written.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-in filename\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-in filename"
|
||||
This specifies the input filename to read a key from or standard input if this
|
||||
option is not specified. If the key is encrypted a pass phrase will be
|
||||
prompted for.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-passin arg\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-passin arg"
|
||||
The input file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
|
||||
see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1).
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-out filename\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-out filename"
|
||||
This specifies the output filename to write a key to or standard output by
|
||||
default. If any encryption options are set then a pass phrase will be
|
||||
prompted for. The output filename should \fBnot\fR be the same as the input
|
||||
filename.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-passout arg\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-passout arg"
|
||||
The output file password source. For more information about the format of \fBarg\fR
|
||||
see the \fB\s-1PASS PHRASE ARGUMENTS\s0\fR section in \fBopenssl\fR\|(1).
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-iter count\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-iter count"
|
||||
When creating new PKCS#8 containers, use a given number of iterations on
|
||||
the password in deriving the encryption key for the PKCS#8 output.
|
||||
High values increase the time required to brute-force a PKCS#8 container.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-nocrypt\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-nocrypt"
|
||||
PKCS#8 keys generated or input are normally PKCS#8 EncryptedPrivateKeyInfo
|
||||
structures using an appropriate password based encryption algorithm. With
|
||||
this option an unencrypted PrivateKeyInfo structure is expected or output.
|
||||
This option does not encrypt private keys at all and should only be used
|
||||
when absolutely necessary. Certain software such as some versions of Java
|
||||
code signing software used unencrypted private keys.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-rand file...\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-rand file..."
|
||||
A file or files containing random data used to seed the random number
|
||||
generator.
|
||||
Multiple files can be specified separated by an OS-dependent character.
|
||||
The separator is \fB;\fR for MS-Windows, \fB,\fR for OpenVMS, and \fB:\fR for
|
||||
all others.
|
||||
.IP "[\fB\-writerand file\fR]" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "[-writerand file]"
|
||||
Writes random data to the specified \fIfile\fR upon exit.
|
||||
This can be used with a subsequent \fB\-rand\fR flag.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-v2 alg\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-v2 alg"
|
||||
This option sets the PKCS#5 v2.0 algorithm.
|
||||
.Sp
|
||||
The \fBalg\fR argument is the encryption algorithm to use, valid values include
|
||||
\&\fBaes128\fR, \fBaes256\fR and \fBdes3\fR. If this option isn't specified then \fBaes256\fR
|
||||
is used.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-v2prf alg\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-v2prf alg"
|
||||
This option sets the \s-1PRF\s0 algorithm to use with PKCS#5 v2.0. A typical value
|
||||
value would be \fBhmacWithSHA256\fR. If this option isn't set then the default
|
||||
for the cipher is used or \fBhmacWithSHA256\fR if there is no default.
|
||||
.Sp
|
||||
Some implementations may not support custom \s-1PRF\s0 algorithms and may require
|
||||
the \fBhmacWithSHA1\fR option to work.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-v1 alg\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-v1 alg"
|
||||
This option indicates a PKCS#5 v1.5 or PKCS#12 algorithm should be used. Some
|
||||
older implementations may not support PKCS#5 v2.0 and may require this option.
|
||||
If not specified PKCS#5 v2.0 form is used.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-engine id\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-engine id"
|
||||
Specifying an engine (by its unique \fBid\fR string) will cause \fBpkcs8\fR
|
||||
to attempt to obtain a functional reference to the specified engine,
|
||||
thus initialising it if needed. The engine will then be set as the default
|
||||
for all available algorithms.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-scrypt\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-scrypt"
|
||||
Uses the \fBscrypt\fR algorithm for private key encryption using default
|
||||
parameters: currently N=16384, r=8 and p=1 and \s-1AES\s0 in \s-1CBC\s0 mode with a 256 bit
|
||||
key. These parameters can be modified using the \fB\-scrypt_N\fR, \fB\-scrypt_r\fR,
|
||||
\&\fB\-scrypt_p\fR and \fB\-v2\fR options.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\-scrypt_N N\fR \fB\-scrypt_r r\fR \fB\-scrypt_p p\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "-scrypt_N N -scrypt_r r -scrypt_p p"
|
||||
Sets the scrypt \fBN\fR, \fBr\fR or \fBp\fR parameters.
|
||||
.SH "KEY FORMATS"
|
||||
.IX Header "KEY FORMATS"
|
||||
Various different formats are used by the pkcs8 utility. These are detailed
|
||||
below.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
If a key is being converted from PKCS#8 form (i.e. the \fB\-topk8\fR option is
|
||||
not used) then the input file must be in PKCS#8 format. An encrypted
|
||||
key is expected unless \fB\-nocrypt\fR is included.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
If \fB\-topk8\fR is not used and \fB\s-1PEM\s0\fR mode is set the output file will be an
|
||||
unencrypted private key in PKCS#8 format. If the \fB\-traditional\fR option is
|
||||
used then a traditional format private key is written instead.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
If \fB\-topk8\fR is not used and \fB\s-1DER\s0\fR mode is set the output file will be an
|
||||
unencrypted private key in traditional \s-1DER\s0 format.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
If \fB\-topk8\fR is used then any supported private key can be used for the input
|
||||
file in a format specified by \fB\-inform\fR. The output file will be encrypted
|
||||
PKCS#8 format using the specified encryption parameters unless \fB\-nocrypt\fR
|
||||
is included.
|
||||
.SH "NOTES"
|
||||
.IX Header "NOTES"
|
||||
By default, when converting a key to PKCS#8 format, PKCS#5 v2.0 using 256 bit
|
||||
\&\s-1AES\s0 with \s-1HMAC\s0 and \s-1SHA256\s0 is used.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Some older implementations do not support PKCS#5 v2.0 format and require
|
||||
the older PKCS#5 v1.5 form instead, possibly also requiring insecure weak
|
||||
encryption algorithms such as 56 bit \s-1DES.\s0
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The encrypted form of a \s-1PEM\s0 encode PKCS#8 files uses the following
|
||||
headers and footers:
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 2
|
||||
\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\-
|
||||
\& \-\-\-\-\-END ENCRYPTED PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\-
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The unencrypted form uses:
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 2
|
||||
\& \-\-\-\-\-BEGIN PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\-
|
||||
\& \-\-\-\-\-END PRIVATE KEY\-\-\-\-\-
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Private keys encrypted using PKCS#5 v2.0 algorithms and high iteration
|
||||
counts are more secure that those encrypted using the traditional
|
||||
SSLeay compatible formats. So if additional security is considered
|
||||
important the keys should be converted.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
It is possible to write out \s-1DER\s0 encoded encrypted private keys in
|
||||
PKCS#8 format because the encryption details are included at an \s-1ASN1\s0
|
||||
level whereas the traditional format includes them at a \s-1PEM\s0 level.
|
||||
.SH "PKCS#5 v1.5 and PKCS#12 algorithms."
|
||||
.IX Header "PKCS#5 v1.5 and PKCS#12 algorithms."
|
||||
Various algorithms can be used with the \fB\-v1\fR command line option,
|
||||
including PKCS#5 v1.5 and PKCS#12. These are described in more detail
|
||||
below.
|
||||
.IP "\fB\s-1PBE\-MD2\-DES PBE\-MD5\-DES\s0\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "PBE-MD2-DES PBE-MD5-DES"
|
||||
These algorithms were included in the original PKCS#5 v1.5 specification.
|
||||
They only offer 56 bits of protection since they both use \s-1DES.\s0
|
||||
.IP "\fB\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-RC2\-64\s0\fR, \fB\s-1PBE\-MD2\-RC2\-64\s0\fR, \fB\s-1PBE\-MD5\-RC2\-64\s0\fR, \fB\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-DES\s0\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "PBE-SHA1-RC2-64, PBE-MD2-RC2-64, PBE-MD5-RC2-64, PBE-SHA1-DES"
|
||||
These algorithms are not mentioned in the original PKCS#5 v1.5 specification
|
||||
but they use the same key derivation algorithm and are supported by some
|
||||
software. They are mentioned in PKCS#5 v2.0. They use either 64 bit \s-1RC2\s0 or
|
||||
56 bit \s-1DES.\s0
|
||||
.IP "\fB\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-RC4\-128\s0\fR, \fB\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-RC4\-40\s0\fR, \fB\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-3DES\s0\fR, \fB\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-2DES\s0\fR, \fB\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-RC2\-128\s0\fR, \fB\s-1PBE\-SHA1\-RC2\-40\s0\fR" 4
|
||||
.IX Item "PBE-SHA1-RC4-128, PBE-SHA1-RC4-40, PBE-SHA1-3DES, PBE-SHA1-2DES, PBE-SHA1-RC2-128, PBE-SHA1-RC2-40"
|
||||
These algorithms use the PKCS#12 password based encryption algorithm and
|
||||
allow strong encryption algorithms like triple \s-1DES\s0 or 128 bit \s-1RC2\s0 to be used.
|
||||
.SH "EXAMPLES"
|
||||
.IX Header "EXAMPLES"
|
||||
Convert a private key to PKCS#8 format using default parameters (\s-1AES\s0 with
|
||||
256 bit key and \fBhmacWithSHA256\fR):
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 1
|
||||
\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-out enckey.pem
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Convert a private key to PKCS#8 unencrypted format:
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 1
|
||||
\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-nocrypt \-out enckey.pem
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Convert a private key to PKCS#5 v2.0 format using triple \s-1DES:\s0
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 1
|
||||
\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-v2 des3 \-out enckey.pem
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Convert a private key to PKCS#5 v2.0 format using \s-1AES\s0 with 256 bits in \s-1CBC\s0
|
||||
mode and \fBhmacWithSHA512\fR \s-1PRF:\s0
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 1
|
||||
\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-v2 aes\-256\-cbc \-v2prf hmacWithSHA512 \-out enckey.pem
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Convert a private key to PKCS#8 using a PKCS#5 1.5 compatible algorithm
|
||||
(\s-1DES\s0):
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 1
|
||||
\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-v1 PBE\-MD5\-DES \-out enckey.pem
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Convert a private key to PKCS#8 using a PKCS#12 compatible algorithm
|
||||
(3DES):
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 1
|
||||
\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-out enckey.pem \-v1 PBE\-SHA1\-3DES
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Read a \s-1DER\s0 unencrypted PKCS#8 format private key:
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 1
|
||||
\& openssl pkcs8 \-inform DER \-nocrypt \-in key.der \-out key.pem
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Convert a private key from any PKCS#8 encrypted format to traditional format:
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 1
|
||||
\& openssl pkcs8 \-in pk8.pem \-traditional \-out key.pem
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Convert a private key to PKCS#8 format, encrypting with \s-1AES\-256\s0 and with
|
||||
one million iterations of the password:
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
.Vb 1
|
||||
\& openssl pkcs8 \-in key.pem \-topk8 \-v2 aes\-256\-cbc \-iter 1000000 \-out pk8.pem
|
||||
.Ve
|
||||
.SH "STANDARDS"
|
||||
.IX Header "STANDARDS"
|
||||
Test vectors from this PKCS#5 v2.0 implementation were posted to the
|
||||
pkcs-tng mailing list using triple \s-1DES, DES\s0 and \s-1RC2\s0 with high iteration
|
||||
counts, several people confirmed that they could decrypt the private
|
||||
keys produced and Therefore it can be assumed that the PKCS#5 v2.0
|
||||
implementation is reasonably accurate at least as far as these
|
||||
algorithms are concerned.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
The format of PKCS#8 \s-1DSA\s0 (and other) private keys is not well documented:
|
||||
it is hidden away in PKCS#11 v2.01, section 11.9. OpenSSL's default \s-1DSA\s0
|
||||
PKCS#8 private key format complies with this standard.
|
||||
.SH "BUGS"
|
||||
.IX Header "BUGS"
|
||||
There should be an option that prints out the encryption algorithm
|
||||
in use and other details such as the iteration count.
|
||||
.SH "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
|
||||
\&\fBdsa\fR\|(1), \fBrsa\fR\|(1), \fBgenrsa\fR\|(1),
|
||||
\&\fBgendsa\fR\|(1)
|
||||
.SH "HISTORY"
|
||||
.IX Header "HISTORY"
|
||||
The \fB\-iter\fR option was added in OpenSSL 1.1.0.
|
||||
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
|
||||
.IX Header "COPYRIGHT"
|
||||
Copyright 2000\-2018 The OpenSSL Project Authors. All Rights Reserved.
|
||||
.PP
|
||||
Licensed under the OpenSSL license (the \*(L"License\*(R"). You may not use
|
||||
this file except in compliance with the License. You can obtain a copy
|
||||
in the file \s-1LICENSE\s0 in the source distribution or at
|
||||
<https://www.openssl.org/source/license.html>.
|
Reference in New Issue
Block a user